My simple diagram shows how logs were moved from the deep woods to the water, where they could be floated downriver to sawmills.

   Start at the top of the page. It may be up a hillside, or far in the woods.
   Each chopped tree had it limbs cut off. Then a horse pulled it out on a narrow trail, called a TWITCHING TRAIL. Each horse pulled one long log at a time. Trails on steep hillsides had many curves, so the log wouldn’t fall forward and hurt the horse. When the horse reached the YARD, workers unhitched the log, added it to the pile, and sent the horse back up the hill for another log.
   In mid-winter, heavy double-runner sleds were pulled by teams of horses along an icy HAULING ROAD. The teamsters (men who drove the teams) stopped at each YARD (there might be dozens of yards in one logging operation), filled the sleds, and headed for the LANDING, at the edge of a river or stream, where they unloaded their sleds. This process sometimes took weeks, and was dangerous. 
   Wherever they had to go down a steep hill, they spread HAY on the ice to slow down the sled. Hopefully they made it without an accident! By the time the season’s logging was over, the pile of logs at the LANDING was enormous. When the ice thawed, men rolled the logs into the river and sent them floating down to sawmills.